What is laminate fabric and how do you spot delamination?
What is laminate fabric?
Laminate fabric is made by bonding two or more layers of material together. This helps create the waterproof, breathable and durable fabrics used in lots of outdoor clothing and equipment.
There are three common types of laminate construction:
2 Layers = A waterproof membrane bonded to the outer fabric, with a separate lining on the inside of the garment (often a mesh lining)
2.5 Layers = A waterproof membrane bonded to the outer fabric, with a very thin protective print or coating on the inside instead of a full lining.
3 Layers = An outer fabric, waterproof membrane and protective inner layer all bonded together. This is commonly used in more technical outdoor fabric, such as GORE-TEX.
What is delamination?
Delamination is when the bonded layers of a fabric begin to separate from each other.
Because the layers work together to make the item waterproof, delamination can affect the waterproofing and performance of your gear.
Why does it happen?
Over time, the materials and adhesives holding the layers together can deteriorate. This can happen for a few different reasons:
Heat – Repeated exposure to high temperatures can weaken the bonds between the layers (the washing machine is often the culprit!)
Moisture – Some adhesives can gradually break down when exposed to moisture over long periods.
Wear – Outdoor gear gets put through its paces! Packing, stretching, bending and regular use can put stress on the bonded layers, as well as the impact of dirt and sweat.
Chemicals – Some detergents, solvents and oils can affect the adhesive or membrane.
Age – Unfortunately, laminate fabrics don't last forever. The materials and adhesives can naturally deteriorate over time.
How can you spot delamination?
Delamination can appear in a few different ways. You may notice:
Bubbling or blistering
Peeling
Wrinkling that doesn't smooth out
A loose or flappy inner layer
Areas that look or feel like the fabric is separating
What can you do about it?
Unfortunately, once delamination has started, there is no way to completely reverse the process. However, if the affected area is small and the surrounding fabric is still in good condition, you may be able to stabilise it with a patch or seam tape.
If the delamination is more widespread, a reliable repair may not be possible. In these cases, there are still a few things you can do to help slow down further deterioration:
Avoid washing or drying in a machine – Hand washing is gentler on the laminate.
Avoid high temperatures – Keep the item away from excessive heat.
Use a spray-on re-proofer – This can help maintain the water-repellent outer surface, although it won't repair the delamination itself.
Reduce friction where possible – Repeated rubbing can put additional stress on the fabric and its layers.
If you need any advice on delamination, feel free to reach out!